High Blood Cholesterol

What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a naturally-occurring substance used to help cells and tissue function normally. Cholesterol is found in many foods, and some cholesterol is necessary for good health. But when too much cholesterol is in the blood, it can “stick” to the blood vessel walls, building up over time and creating what are called plaques. As the plaques become larger, they can interfere with the normal flow of blood, contributing to high blood pressure and increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Cholesterol is often referred to as “good” (HDL or high-density lipoproteins) or “bad” (low-density lipoproteins), but the body actually needs both types for optimal functioning. Too much LDL makes it easier for plaques to accumulate on artery walls, while too little HDL interferes with the body’s ability to remove excess cholesterol. Balancing the levels of HDL and LDL is an important part of maintaining good heart health.

How is cholesterol measured?

Levels of cholesterol in the blood can be measured with a simple blood test. The test also measures the levels of a related substance called triglyceride.

What medical issues are associated with high cholesterol?

High cholesterol has been linked with issues like high blood pressure, heart disease, heart attack, peripheral artery disease, stroke, and dementia. As the plaques build up and blood flow to the heart is inhibited, patients may experience chest pain called angina.

How is high cholesterol treated?

High cholesterol can sometimes be treated with lifestyle changes including being more physically active and eating a healthy diet low in “bad” fats and high in fiber and “good” fats. Sometimes, however, medication is necessary to help keep cholesterol levels under control. When plaques build up around the heart, a special procedure called an angioplasty may be needed to compress plaques against the artery walls so blood flow can be restored.